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  • Kee Beach seen from Kalalau Trail. Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS), and bring plenty of fresh water. I recommend boots with sturdy tread, hiking poles, plus water shoes for the several stream crossings. Arrive early to get parking at the trailhead in Haena State Park at the end of the Kuhio Highway (Hawaii Route 560). The gorgeous Kalalau Trail was built in the late 1800s to connect Hawaiians living in the remote valleys. No permit is needed for day hiking to Hanakapiai Falls. But hikers going onwards from Hanakapiai Beach to Hanakoa and Kalalau Valleys require a camping permit from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (HDLNR).
    1701HAW-1092.jpg
  • Lycian tombs (or necropoli) from about 400 BCE can be seen by boat on the Dalyan Çay? River, above the ancient harbor city of Caunos, on the Turquoise Coast, near the town of Koycegiz, in southwest Turkey. Dalyan means "fishing weir" in Turkish. The Dalyan Delta, with a long, golden sandy beach at its mouth, is a nature conservation area and a refuge for sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and blue crabs. Image published in the travel handbook "Moon Istanbul & the Turkish Coast" by Jessica Tamtürk, Avalon Travel Publishing, 2010.
    99TUR-16-21-Lycian-tombs_Dalyan-Rive...jpg
  • The seawall of Kailua-Kona city extends a protective arm around Niumalu (Kanuha) Beach  (next to Hulihee Palace hidden in palms on left) on Kailua Bay, Kona Coast, the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-3535-39-Pano.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner.
    1212CA-2148.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner. The panorama was stitched from 3 overlapping photos.
    1212CA-2141-2143pan_Russian-River_CA.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner.
    1212CA-2120.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner. The panorama was stitched from 2 overlapping photos.
    1212CA-2092-93pan_Russian-River_CA.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner.
    1212CA-2113.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner.
    1212CA-2085.jpg
  • The Russian River drains Sonoma and Mendocino counties  in Northern California, USA and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Russian River State Marine Conservation area and Sonoma Coast State Park near Jenner.
    1212CA-2090.jpg
  • Pacific Ocean waves have eroded seastack rocks from high bluffs and created a rocky beach, south of Cape Meares on the Oregon coast, USA. Puffy clouds roll across the blue sky. Panorama stitched from 2 overlapping images.
    08ORC-541-542pan_Oregon-coast.jpg
  • Waves crash at sunset on Kalalau Beach, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    95HAW-12-24_Na-Pali-Coast_Kauai.jpg
  • Pan-American Highway 1 clings to a cliff above the South Pacific Ocean in the coastal desert north of Lima, in Peru, South America. From May to October along the coast of Peru, the heavy fog called "garua" blocks the sun but drops almost no rainfall, just a fine mist, enough to wet desert plants on high coastal hills. In contrast, around this time, the high Andes are generally sunny, warm, and dry (from June to September), great for trekking or touring.
    14PER2-042_Lima-coast-Peru.jpg
  • THE END sign for England Coast to Coast Walk, at Robin Hood's Bay, on the North Sea, North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6510_England.jpg
  • A hiker carries a symbolic stone across England Coast to Coast, to Robin Hood's Bay, on the North Sea, in North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6467_England.jpg
  • Flowerpot Rock and coast at Fownes Head lookout, Fundy Trail Parkway, in Saint John County, Bay of Fundy, St. Martins, New Brunswick, Canada. In St. Martins, drive through the covered bridge on Big Salmon River Road and go 7 km to reach the start of the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 kilometer auto route along the Fundy coast ending at Big Salmon River, a former lumbering center. Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, due to a resonance of being just the right length (270 km) matching the gravitational pushing cycle of the Moon that causes the tides. Coincidentally, the time it takes a large wave to go from the mouth of the bay to the inner shore and back is practically the same as the time from one high tide to the next. (You can see the effect of resonance for yourself by steadily pushing a long pan of water back and forth: an optimal pushing frequency for a given pan length will build up a high wave of water which sloshes out; but pushing too fast or too slow won't build up the big wave.) Two high tides occur per day, one when the ocean side is nearest the Moon, and one on the side of the Earth most distant from the Moon, about 12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to the next. The Bay of Fundy is on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
    1410CAN-354_Fundy-Trail-Parkway.jpg
  • Flowerpot Rock and coast at Fownes Head lookout, Fundy Trail Parkway, in Saint John County, Bay of Fundy, St. Martins, New Brunswick, Canada. In St. Martins, drive through the covered bridge on Big Salmon River Road and go 7 km to reach the start of the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 kilometer auto route along the Fundy coast ending at Big Salmon River, a former lumbering center. Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, due to a resonance of being just the right length (270 km) matching the gravitational pushing cycle of the Moon that causes the tides. Coincidentally, the time it takes a large wave to go from the mouth of the bay to the inner shore and back is practically the same as the time from one high tide to the next. (You can see the effect of resonance for yourself by steadily pushing a long pan of water back and forth: an optimal pushing frequency for a given pan length will build up a high wave of water which sloshes out; but pushing too fast or too slow won't build up the big wave.) Two high tides occur per day, one when the ocean side is nearest the Moon, and one on the side of the Earth most distant from the Moon, about 12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to the next. The Bay of Fundy is on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
    1410CAN-340_Fundy-Trail-Parkway.jpg
  • See Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1515.jpg
  • See Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1518.jpg
  • Helicopter over Kalalau Valley cliffs & Pacific Ocean from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1514.jpg
  • Kalalau Valley & Pacific Ocean, seen from Pihea Trail on Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1510.jpg
  • Kalalau Valley & Pacific Ocean, seen from Pihea Trail on Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park.
    1701HAW-1463.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_151.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_132.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_122.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_102.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    06COA_099.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_098.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse at sunset in winter, on the Oregon coast.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea.  Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_076.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse, on the Oregon coast, USA.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea. Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_018.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse, on the Oregon coast, USA.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea. Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06COA_010.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse, on the Oregon coast, USA.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea. Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06CO_599-600pan2-Heceta-Lighthouse.jpg
  • Heceta Head Lighthouse, on the Oregon coast, USA.. Heceta Head Lighthouse may be the most photographed beacon in the United States. Built in 1893, it was named for the Spanish mariner who is credited with being the first European to set foot in the region. The light at top of 56-foot tower was first illuminated in 1894. Perched 205 feet above the ocean, its fresnel lens beams the brightest light on the Oregon coast, visible up to 21 miles out to sea. Location: Halfway between Cape Perpetua and Florence, a turnoff just south of Carl Washburne State Park (which has a great campground) takes you to the parking lot on a beach, where you can walk a half mile to the lighthouse. Heceta Head State Park includes Devils Elbow State Park and is located in a scenic cove at the mouth of Cape Creek.
    06CO_520.jpg
  • The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic region. It is most common in the southern hemisphere along the coast of Antarctica and on most sub-Antarctic islands, but can also be found on the coasts of southern Australia, Tasmania, South Africa, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Tierra del Fuego, the Cook Islands, and the Atlantic coast of South America. Along with all of the other earless seals, it belongs to the family Phocidae, and is the only species in the genus Hydrurga. The name hydrurga means "water worker" and leptonyx is the Greek for "small clawed". The leopard seal is large and muscular, with a dark grey back and light grey on its stomach. Its throat is whitish with the black spots that give the seal its common name.
    05ANT-20059-1347.jpg
  • The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic region. It is most common in the southern hemisphere along the coast of Antarctica and on most sub-Antarctic islands, but can also be found on the coasts of southern Australia, Tasmania, South Africa, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, Tierra del Fuego, the Cook Islands, and the Atlantic coast of South America. Along with all of the other earless seals, it belongs to the family Phocidae, and is the only species in the genus Hydrurga. The name hydrurga means "water worker" and leptonyx is the Greek for "small clawed". The leopard seal is large and muscular, with a dark grey back and light grey on its stomach. Its throat is whitish with the black spots that give the seal its common name.
    05ANT-11086.jpg
  • Sally Lightfoot or red lava crab (Grapsus grapsus) at Puerto Egas on Santiago (or San Salvador, or James) Island, in the Galápagos archipelago, a province of Ecuador, South America. Grapsus grapsus is one of the most common crabs along the western coast of South America, and can also be seen along the entire coast of Central America and Mexico and nearby islands. This crab has five pairs of legs, the front two bearing small, blocky, symmetrical chelae. The other legs are broad and flat, with only the tips touching down. The crab's round, flat carapace is just over 8 cm (3 inches) in length. Young crabs are black or dark brown in color and camouflage well on the black lava coasts of volcanic islands. Adults are quite variable in color. Some are muted brownish-red, some mottled or spotted brown, pink, or yellow. The ones seen on photographs of tropical island fauna are often bright orange or red with stripes or spots dorsally, blue and green ventrally, and sporting red claws and pink or blue eyes. This crab lives amongst the rocks at the often turbulent, windy shore, just above the limit of the seaspray. It feeds on algae primarily, sometimes sampling plant matter and dead animals. It is a quick-moving and agile crab, and hard to catch, but not considered very edible by humans. It is used as bait by fishermen. Published in "Light Travel: Photography on the Go" book by Tom Dempsey 2009, 2010.
    09ECU-4287_Galapagos.jpg
  • Sally Lightfoot or red lava crab (Grapsus grapsus) at Punta (Point) Espinoza, on Fernandina (Narborough) Island, Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador, South America. Grapsus grapsus is one of the most common crabs along the western coast of South America, and can also be seen along the entire coast of Central America and Mexico and nearby islands. This crab has five pairs of legs, the front two bearing small, blocky, symmetrical chelae. The other legs are broad and flat, with only the tips touching down. The crab's round, flat carapace is just over 8 cm (3 inches) in length. Young crabs are black or dark brown in color and camouflage well on the black lava coasts of volcanic islands. Adults are quite variable in color. Some are muted brownish-red, some mottled or spotted brown, pink, or yellow. The ones seen on photographs of tropical island fauna are often bright orange or red with stripes or spots dorsally, blue and green ventrally, and sporting red claws and pink or blue eyes. This crab lives amongst the rocks at the often turbulent, windy shore, just above the limit of the seaspray. It feeds on algae primarily, sometimes sampling plant matter and dead animals. It is a quick-moving and agile crab, and hard to catch, but not considered very edible by humans. It is used as bait by fishermen.
    09ECU-3674_Galapagos.jpg
  • Purple heather and green grass cover the cliffs of Trotternish Peninsula above the Sound of Raasay, on Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Enjoy this view southwards towards Brothers Point from the same viewpoint as Kilt Rock & Mealt Falls along the A855 road, 15 km north of Portree (2 km south of Staffin) on Skye, the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides. Between 61 and 55 million years ago, volcanic activity on the west coast of Scotland covered the northern half of Skye in layers of molten rock over 1200m thick. Molten rock squeezed between layers of Jurassic sandstone rocks then cooled slowly and shrank into striking polygonal columns seen along this coast.
    17SC1-3425_Scotland.jpg
  • Purple heather and green grass cover the cliffs of Trotternish Peninsula above the Sound of Raasay, on Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Enjoy this view southwards towards Brothers Point from the same viewpoint as Kilt Rock & Mealt Falls along the A855 road, 15 km north of Portree (2 km south of Staffin) on Skye, the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides. Between 61 and 55 million years ago, volcanic activity on the west coast of Scotland covered the northern half of Skye in layers of molten rock over 1200m thick. Molten rock squeezed between layers of Jurassic sandstone rocks then cooled slowly and shrank into striking polygonal columns seen along this coast.
    17SC1-3420_Scotland.jpg
  • Purple heather and green grass cover the cliffs of Trotternish Peninsula above the Sound of Raasay, on Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Enjoy this view southwards towards Brothers Point from the same viewpoint as Kilt Rock & Mealt Falls along the A855 road, 15 km north of Portree (2 km south of Staffin) on Skye, the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides. Between 61 and 55 million years ago, volcanic activity on the west coast of Scotland covered the northern half of Skye in layers of molten rock over 1200m thick. Molten rock squeezed between layers of Jurassic sandstone rocks then cooled slowly and shrank into striking polygonal columns seen along this coast. This image was stitched from several overlapping photos.
    17SC1-3408-10-Pano_Scotland.jpg
  • Purple heather and green grass cover the cliffs of Trotternish Peninsula above the Sound of Raasay, on Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe. Enjoy this view southwards towards Brothers Point from the same viewpoint as Kilt Rock & Mealt Falls along the A855 road, 15 km north of Portree (2 km south of Staffin) on Skye, the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides. Between 61 and 55 million years ago, volcanic activity on the west coast of Scotland covered the northern half of Skye in layers of molten rock over 1200m thick. Molten rock squeezed between layers of Jurassic sandstone rocks then cooled slowly and shrank into striking polygonal columns seen along this coast.
    17SC1-3406_Scotland.jpg
  • Whitby and the Esk River, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. This was at the end of our England Coast to Coast hike, on day 13 of 14. The next day, our 14th, ended being dropped off in York. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.] This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    17UK-6852-54pan.jpg
  • In Bram Stoker's famous 1897 novel, Dracula came ashore as a creature resembling a large dog who climbed the dramatic 199 Church Steps to the graveyard of Church of Saint Mary, shown here atop East Cliff, above Whitby at the mouth of the Esk River. The Church of Saint Mary the Virgin is an Anglican parish church serving the towns of Whitby and Ruswarp in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. Founded around 1110 AD, the church has a tower and transepts dating from the 1100s and 1200s, and interior dating mostly from the late 1700s. Seen on our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.] This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    17UK-6769-75pan.jpg
  • The Church Steps above Whitby: In Bram Stoker's famous 1897 novel, Dracula came ashore as a creature resembling a large dog who climbed the dramatic 199 Church Steps to the graveyard of Church of Saint Mary, adjacent to Whitby Abbey ruins atop East Cliff, above the Esk River. The Church of Saint Mary the Virgin is an Anglican parish church serving the towns of Whitby and Ruswarp in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.] This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    17UK-6789-91pan.jpg
  • Whitby at the mouth of the Esk River, seen from Dracula's Church Steps, in England, United Kingdom, Europe. In Bram Stoker's famous 1897 novel, Dracula came ashore as a creature resembling a large dog who climbed the dramatic 199 Church Steps to the graveyard of Church of Saint Mary, adjacent to Whitby Abbey ruins atop East Cliff, above the Esk River. The Church of Saint Mary the Virgin is an Anglican parish church serving the towns of Whitby and Ruswarp in North Yorkshire county. This was at the end of our England Coast to Coast hike, on day 13 of 14. The next day, our 14th, ended being dropped off in York. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6800_England.jpg
  • Robin Hood's Bay waterfront boat launch ramp on the North Sea, North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.] This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    17UK-6569-78pan.jpg
  • Robin Hood's Bay, North Sea, North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6597_England.jpg
  • Robin Hood's Bay, North Sea, North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6399_England.jpg
  • Robin Hood's Bay, North Sea, North York Moors National Park, North Yorkshire county, England, UK, Europe. On our England Coast to Coast hike day 13 of 14, we went from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van.  We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6457_England.jpg
  • Pastures surround Robin Hood's Bay on the North Sea. Today we toured North York Moors National Park from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van, plus Whitby on the Esk River, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 13 of 14. We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey and the seaside fishing port of Whitby. Overnight at Best Western Forest & Vale Hotel, in Pickering, North Yorkshire. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6335_England.jpg
  • Pastures surround Robin Hood's Bay on the North Sea. Today we toured North York Moors National Park from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van, plus Whitby on the Esk River, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 13 of 14. We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey and the seaside fishing port of Whitby. Overnight at Best Western Forest & Vale Hotel, in Pickering, North Yorkshire. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.] This image was stitched from multiple overlapping photos.
    17UK-6258-59pan.jpg
  • Hike to North Sea in North York Moors NP near Robin Hood's Bay. Today we toured North York Moors National Park from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van, plus Whitby on the Esk River, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 13 of 14. We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey and the seaside fishing port of Whitby. Overnight at Best Western Forest & Vale Hotel, in Pickering, North Yorkshire. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6190_England.jpg
  • Today we toured North York Moors National Park from Grosmont to Robin Hood's Bay on foot and via van, plus Whitby on the Esk River, in North Yorkshire county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 13 of 14. We walked a rural path through bracken, purple blooming heather moors, and farmland before descending cliffs to the beach and village of Robin Hood's Bay. We dipped our boots into the North Sea, having completed our journey via foot and car from the Irish Sea over two weeks. Lunch at Wainwrights Bar at the Bay Hotel. Visit spectacular Whitby Abbey and the seaside fishing port of Whitby. Overnight at Best Western Forest & Vale Hotel, in Pickering, North Yorkshire. [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-6094_England.jpg
  • Views from Muncaster Fell. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 1 of 14: Starting with dipping our boots in the Irish Sea at Ravenglass in Lake District National Park, we ascended Muncaster Fell, seeing the ruins of a Roman bathhouse along the way. We then passed Muncaster Castle  and descended into Miterdale. Overnight in Irton Hall, Eskdale, Holmrook, Cumbria county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. Irton Hall is a large, mostly 1800s house with a 1300s tower.  [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-0352_England.jpg
  • Hikers overlook the Irish Sea from Muncaster Fell above Ravenglass. England Coast to Coast hike with Wilderness Travel, day 1 of 14: Starting with dipping our boots in the Irish Sea at Ravenglass in Lake District National Park, we ascended Muncaster Fell, seeing the ruins of a Roman bathhouse along the way. We then passed Muncaster Castle  and descended into Miterdale. Overnight in Irton Hall, Eskdale, Holmrook, Cumbria county, England, United Kingdom, Europe. Irton Hall is a large, mostly 1800s house with a 1300s tower.  [This image, commissioned by Wilderness Travel, is not available to any other agency providing group travel in the UK, but may otherwise be licensable from Tom Dempsey – please inquire at PhotoSeek.com.]
    17UK-0229_England-p6.jpg
  • Walk 3 miles round trip from Craster village to the impressive ruins of 1300s Dunstanburgh Castle on the coast of Northumberland, England, United Kingdom, Europe. The castle was built by Earl Thomas of Lancaster between 1313-1322 on existing earthworks of an Iron Age fort. Thomas was a short-lived leader of a baronial faction opposed to King Edward II. This strategic northern stronghold never recovered from seiges during the Wars of the Roses 1455-1487 after it changed hands several times between rival Lancastrian and Yorkist factions. King James I sold the fort into private owndership in 1604. Dunstanburgh Castle is now owned by the National Trust and run by English Heritage.
    17UK2-5220.jpg
  • The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1502-08-Pano.jpg
  • The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. On the right, Dicranopteris linearis is commonly known as Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), and dilim (Filipino), Climbing Fern, or False Staghorn. This fern is a keystone species in Hawaiian ecosystems and often forms deep thickets. Dicranopteris linearis is widely distributed in the wet Old World tropics, Polynesia and the Pacific. The stem grows from the rhizome, branches at a 45° angle, and forms fronds that continue to bud and branch at great length, 20+ feet. Being intolerant of shade, it climbs over other plants to reach direct sunlight. As a pioneer species in ecological succession, it can colonize bare lava flows, talus, and abandoned roads. Where humans eliminate the fern, invasive species of plants can move in. Slippery wet clay makes Pihea Trail a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1475-81-Pano-Edit.jpg
  • The potholed Pihea Trail traverses a spectacular cliff edge of Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, overlooking the Kalalau Valley in Na Pali Coast State Park down to the Pacific Ocean, a breathtaking 4000 feet below, on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Slippery wet clay makes this a challenging hike of 2.6 miles round trip with 500 feet gain to Pihea Peak. (Optionally continue past Pihea Peak to Alaka'i Swamp Trail.) Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Koke'e State Park. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1460-62-Pano.jpg
  • A rainbow shines over cliffs above the Pacific Ocean at Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast at Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1416-17-pano.jpg
  • Rainbow from cloud shower over Pacific Ocean, seen from Pihea Trail, Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Pihea Trail begins at Pu'u O Kila Lookout at the end of the road in Kokee State Park.
    1701HAW-1456.jpg
  • A rainbow shines over cliffs above the Pacific Ocean at Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast at Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1412.jpg
  • A rainbow shines over cliffs above the Pacific Ocean at Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast at Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1411.jpg
  • A rainbow shines over cliffs above the Pacific Ocean at Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast at Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1397-1400-Pano.jpg
  • A rainbow shines over cliffs above the Pacific Ocean at Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast at Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. The scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1404.jpg
  • Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1287.jpg
  • Cloudy Na Pali Coast sea cliffs rise above Ke'e Beach seen via helicopter over the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1282.jpg
  • Kalalau Beach & Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1254.jpg
  • Kalalau Beach, seen through helicopter windshield along Na Pali Coast, island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1249.jpg
  • Kalalau Beach & Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1248.jpg
  • Na Pali Coast sea cliffs above Honopu Beach seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Kalalau Beach is at upper left.
    1701HAW-1242.jpg
  • Honopu Valley and remote beaches on the Pacific Ocean seen via helicopter over Kauai's Na Pali Coast, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1238.jpg
  • Honopu Valley and Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1233-p1.jpg
  • Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter cabin over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1222.jpg
  • Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1210.jpg
  • Honopu Valley and Na Pali Coast sea cliffs seen via helicopter over island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA.
    1701HAW-1220.jpg
  • Tropical plants frame a coastal view of where Hanakapiai Valley enters the Pacific Ocean. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS), and bring plenty of fresh water. I recommend boots with sturdy tread, hiking poles, plus water shoes for the several stream crossings. Arrive early to get parking at the trailhead in Haena State Park at the end of the Kuhio Highway (Hawaii Route 560). The gorgeous Kalalau Trail was built in the late 1800s to connect Hawaiians living in the remote valleys. No permit is needed for day hiking to Hanakapiai Falls. But hikers going onwards from Hanakapiai Beach to Hanakoa and Kalalau Valleys require a camping permit from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (HDLNR).
    1701HAW-0949.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0935.jpg
  • Hawaii's native Hala tree is also known as Tahitian Screwpine, Pu Hala, Screw Pine, Textile Screwpine, Thatch Screwpine, Pandanus, Pandan, Tourist Pineapple or Pineapple Tree (Pandanus tectorius, or synonyms: P. chamissonis, P. douglasii, P. menziesii, P. odoratissimus; in the Screw-pine family, Pandanaceae). Some people mistake hala fruit heads for pineapples, which are unrelated plants. Cultivated varieties of Hala differing from the native version were brought to Hawaii by the ancient Polynesians in their canoes. Hala was useful for medicinal purposes, and the fruit was eaten and used to make leis. Its roots could make cordage. Hala leaves served as thatch and could be stripped of spiny edges to be woven or plaited into mats, pillows, sails, baskets, hats, sandals, and fans. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls, in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park on the island of Kauai, Hawaii, USA. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS)
    1701HAW-0946.jpg
  • Admire sea cliffs above the Pacific Ocean along the beautiful Kalalau Trail in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS), and bring plenty of fresh water. I recommend boots with sturdy tread, hiking poles, plus water shoes for the several stream crossings. Arrive early to get parking at the trailhead in Haena State Park at the end of the Kuhio Highway (Hawaii Route 560). The gorgeous Kalalau Trail was built in the late 1800s to connect Hawaiians living in the remote valleys. No permit is needed for day hiking to Hanakapiai Falls. But hikers going onwards from Hanakapiai Beach to Hanakoa and Kalalau Valleys require a camping permit from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (HDLNR). This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-0918-19-Pano.jpg
  • A hiker admires sea cliffs above the Pacific Ocean along the beautiful Kalalau Trail in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS), and bring plenty of fresh water. I recommend boots with sturdy tread, hiking poles, plus water shoes for the several stream crossings. Arrive early to get parking at the trailhead in Haena State Park at the end of the Kuhio Highway (Hawaii Route 560). The gorgeous Kalalau Trail was built in the late 1800s to connect Hawaiians living in the remote valleys. No permit is needed for day hiking to Hanakapiai Falls. But hikers going onwards from Hanakapiai Beach to Hanakoa and Kalalau Valleys require a camping permit from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (HDLNR).
    1701HAW-0908.jpg
  • A hiker admires sea cliffs above the Pacific Ocean along the beautiful Kalalau Trail in Na Pali Coast State Wilderness Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. A beautiful day hike along the slippery Kalalau Trail goes from Ke'e Beach to Hanakapiai Beach, with a rougher side trip to impressive Hanakapiai Falls. To reach Hanakapiai Valley's waterfall, follow the signed clay trails for a moderately strenuous 8.8 miles round trip with 2200 feet cumulative gain (measured on my GPS), and bring plenty of fresh water. I recommend boots with sturdy tread, hiking poles, plus water shoes for the several stream crossings. Arrive early to get parking at the trailhead in Haena State Park at the end of the Kuhio Highway (Hawaii Route 560). The gorgeous Kalalau Trail was built in the late 1800s to connect Hawaiians living in the remote valleys. No permit is needed for day hiking to Hanakapiai Falls. But hikers going onwards from Hanakapiai Beach to Hanakoa and Kalalau Valleys require a camping permit from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (HDLNR).
    1701HAW-0897.jpg
  • See majestic sea cliffs at Pololu Valley Lookout at the end of Akoni Pule Highway (Hwy 270) on the northeast Kohala Coast, on the Big Island, Hawaii, USA. This impressive coastline is the topmost erosional remnant of a massive landslide into the sea that reduced the height of Kohala volcano by up to 3300 feet, between 250,000 and 300,000 years ago. Kohala is the oldest of five shield volcanoes comprising the island of Hawaii. Kohala was born on the ocean floor about a million years ago and breached sea level 500,000+ years ago. Its ancient lava actually recorded a reversal of earth's magnetic field 780,000 years ago. Kohala probably last erupted around 120,000 years ago, around the time of the last great landslide of nearby Mauna Loa caused a massive tsunami which dropped marine fossils high on the flank of Kohala, as discovered by modern geologists, who say future such landslides and mega-tsunamis here are almost certain. King Kamehameha I, the first King of the Kingdom of Hawaii, was born in North Kohala, near Hawi.
    1701HAW-3602.jpg
  • A golden sunset shines on cliffs of the Na Pali Coast above the Pacific Ocean, seen from Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1855.jpg
  • At twilight, the sky at sunset shines hues of gold, pink and blue over Kalalau Valley on the Na Pali Coast, seen from Kalalau Lookout in Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1740-44-Pano.jpg
  • A golden sunset shines on cliffs of the Na Pali Coast above the Pacific Ocean, seen from Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees. This image was stitched from multiple overlapping images.
    1701HAW-1715-22-Pano.jpg
  • A golden sunset shines on cliffs of the Na Pali Coast above the Pacific Ocean, seen from Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1707.jpg
  • A golden sunset shines on cliffs of the Na Pali Coast above the Pacific Ocean, seen from Kalalau Lookout, Kokee State Park, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Scenic Koke'e State Park is in northwestern Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands. Perched on a plateau between 3200 and 4200 feet, the park gets temperatures at least 15 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than at sea level. Koke'e receives 50-100 inches of rain per year, mostly from October to May. Its forests are dominated by Acacia koa and ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees.
    1701HAW-1706.jpg
  • High tide nearly touches the bottom of the covered bridge. Irish River or Vaughan Creek #1 Covered Bridge was built in 1935 in picturesque St. Martins, in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. The lighthouse building was built in 1983 to display the lantern room from the 1883 Quaco Head Lighthouse and to serve as a Visitor Information Center in St. Martins. Climb to the lantern to view the harbour and two historic covered bridges. Observe the extreme tides of Bay of Fundy lifting fishing boats near the bridge. Drive through the covered bridge and go 7 km on Big Salmon River Road to reach the start of the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 kilometer auto route along the Fundy coast ending at Big Salmon River, a former lumbering center. Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, due to a resonance of being just the right length (270 km) matching the gravitational pushing cycle of the Moon that causes the tides. Coincidentally, the time it takes a large wave to go from the mouth of the bay to the inner shore and back is practically the same as the time from one high tide to the next. (You can see the effect of resonance for yourself by steadily pushing a long pan of water back and forth: an optimal pushing frequency for a given pan length will build up a high wave of water which sloshes out; but pushing too fast or too slow won't build up the big wave.) Two high tides occur per day, one when the ocean side is nearest the Moon, and one on the side of the Earth most distant from the Moon, about 12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to the next. The Bay of Fundy is on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. St. Martins (2006 population: 386) is 40 km east of Saint John. St. Martins (originally known as Quaco) was founded by Loyalists in 1783. Its important 1800s shipbuilding center faded, leaving tourism as today's major industry.
    1410CAN-401_St-Martins.jpg
  • Lobster traps. Irish River or Vaughan Creek #1 Covered Bridge was built in 1935 in picturesque St. Martins, in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. Observe the extreme tides of Bay of Fundy lifting fishing boats near the bridge. Drive through the covered bridge and go 7 km on Big Salmon River Road to reach the start of the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 kilometer auto route along the Fundy coast ending at Big Salmon River, a former lumbering center. Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, due to a resonance of being just the right length (270 km) matching the gravitational pushing cycle of the Moon that causes the tides. Coincidentally, the time it takes a large wave to go from the mouth of the bay to the inner shore and back is practically the same as the time from one high tide to the next. (You can see the effect of resonance for yourself by steadily pushing a long pan of water back and forth: an optimal pushing frequency for a given pan length will build up a high wave of water which sloshes out; but pushing too fast or too slow won't build up the big wave.) Two high tides occur per day, one when the ocean side is nearest the Moon, and one on the side of the Earth most distant from the Moon, about 12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to the next. The Bay of Fundy is on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. St. Martins (2006 population: 386) is 40 km east of Saint John. St. Martins (originally known as Quaco) was founded by Loyalists in 1783. Its important 1800s shipbuilding center faded, leaving tourism as today's major industry.  The panorama was stitched from 5 overlapping photos.
    1410CAN-334-338pan_St-Martins.jpg
  • Irish River or Vaughan Creek #1 Covered Bridge was built in 1935 in picturesque St. Martins, in Saint John County, New Brunswick, Canada. The lighthouse building was built in 1983 to display the lantern room from the 1883 Quaco Head Lighthouse and to serve as a Visitor Information Center in St. Martins. Climb to the lantern to view the harbour and two historic covered bridges. Observe the extreme tides of Bay of Fundy lifting fishing boats near the bridge. Drive through the covered bridge and go 7 km on Big Salmon River Road to reach the start of the Fundy Trail Parkway, a 16 kilometer auto route along the Fundy coast ending at Big Salmon River, a former lumbering center. Bay of Fundy has the highest tidal range in the world, due to a resonance of being just the right length (270 km) matching the gravitational pushing cycle of the Moon that causes the tides. Coincidentally, the time it takes a large wave to go from the mouth of the bay to the inner shore and back is practically the same as the time from one high tide to the next. (You can see the effect of resonance for yourself by steadily pushing a long pan of water back and forth: an optimal pushing frequency for a given pan length will build up a high wave of water which sloshes out; but pushing too fast or too slow won't build up the big wave.) Two high tides occur per day, one when the ocean side is nearest the Moon, and one on the side of the Earth most distant from the Moon, about 12 hours and 25 minutes from one high tide to the next. The Bay of Fundy is on the Atlantic coast of North America, on the northeast end of the Gulf of Maine between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. St. Martins (2006 population: 386) is 40 km east of Saint John. St. Martins (originally known as Quaco) was founded by Loyalists in 1783. Its important 1800s shipbuilding center faded, leaving tourism as today's major industry.
    1410CAN-307_St-Martins.jpg
  • The Canary Rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) is found along the Pacific coast, from south of Shelikof Strait in the eastern Gulf of Alaska to Punta Colnett in northern Baja California. Photographed in the Vancouver Aquarium, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6G 3E2 CANADA.
    1402VAN-219.jpg
  • Sea cliffs rise spectacularly up to four thousand feet above Kalalau Beach on the Na Pali Coast, Kauai, state of Hawaii, USA.
    84HAW-05-17_Kalalau-Beach-cliffs.jpg
  • The Pacific Ocean erodes sea stacks from the rocky coast at Cleone, north of Mendocino, California, USA. A lone house sits on an isolated headland above pounding surf.
    1212CA-3142.jpg
  • The Pacific Ocean cuts sea stacks from rocky coast at Mendocino, California, USA.
    1212CA-3140.jpg
  • Today's Fort Ross windmill is a full-size 1814 replica built by artisan craftsmen in Russia and reassembled in 2012 for the 200th anniversary of the fort's founding. At Fort Ross, the Russian-American Company made the first windmills in California (in 1814 and 1841), likely the first windmills west of the Mississippi River. The posttype mill (stolbovka) ground grain into flour for baking bread (for Settlement Ross and the Russians' Alaskan settlements) and also pounded tanbark for oil used in tanning leather. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One.  Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied by 300-400 native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican
    1212CA-2241.jpg
  • Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One.  Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied mostly by native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark.
    1212CA-2238.jpg
  • Originally built in the 1820s, the restored chapel at Fort Ross was the first Russian Orthodox structure in North America outside of Alaska. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied mostly by native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark. See www.FortRoss.org on the internet.
    1212CA-2210.jpg
  • In Sandy Cove, pictured through a blockhouse window of Fort Ross, the Russian-American Company made the first four ships built in (Alta) California. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One.  Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied mostly by native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark.
    1212CA-2203.jpg
  • Originally built in the 1820s, the restored chapel at Fort Ross was the first Russian Orthodox structure in North America outside of Alaska. Fort Ross State Historic Park preserves a former Russian colony (1812-1842) on the west coast of North America, in what is now Sonoma County, California, USA. The 5.5-inch howitzer cannons are historical reproductions. Visit Fort Ross and dramatic coastal scenery 11 miles north of Jenner on California Highway One. For centuries before Europeans arrived, this site was called Metini and had been occupied by the Kashaya band of Pomo people who wove intricate baskets and harvested sea life, plants, acorns, deer, and small mammals. Sponsored by the Russian Empire, "Settlement Ross" was multicultural, built mostly by Alaskan Alutiiq natives and occupied by a few Russians plus 300-400 native Siberians, Alaskans, Hawaiians, Californians, and mixed Europeans. Initially, sea otter pelts funded Russian expansion, but by 1820, overhunting motivated the Russian-American Company to introduce moratoriums on hunting seals and otters, the first marine-mammal conservation laws in the Pacific. Russian voyages greatly expanded California's scientific knowledge. Renamed "Ross" in 1812 in honor of Imperial Russian (Rossiia), Fortress Ross was intended to grow wheat and other crops to feed Russians living in Alaska, but after 30 years was found to be unsustainable. Fort Ross was sold to John Sutter in 1841, and his trusted assistant John Bidwell transported its hardware and animals to Sutter's Fort in the Sacramento Valley. Fort Ross is a landmark in European imperialism, which brought Spanish expanding west across the Atlantic Ocean and Russians spreading east across Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. In the early 1800s, Russians coming from the north met Spanish coming from the south along the Pacific Coast of California, followed by the USA arriving from the east in 1846 for the Mexican-American War. Today, Fort Ross is a California Historical Landmar
    1212CA-2208.jpg
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